The dominant barn type of the latter 19th century was the double threshing floor barn. Instead of having three cribs (interior rooms) on the upper level, these barns had four - hay mows in the end bays and two threshing floors in the center. Having a second threshing floor allowed wagons to be turned around inside, and they also provided additional space that was needed to store the increasingly large agricultural implements used by farmers. During the years in which the double threshing floor barn dominated barn construction, three innovations in the realm of barn design materialized. In order to reduce spontaneous combustion, ridge ventilators were introduced. These were cupola-like elements on the ridge of the barn that helped to ventilate what was called "stale" air that people thought at the time caused disease. The second innovation was the sliding door. The idea of sliding doors had been introduced for horse cars in Philadelphia in the 1850s. These doors rode laterally on a rail and were safer than the large hinged doors that opened outward at the top of the ramp. Third, silos were introduced in the 1880s. Silos were originally controversial; at that time, farmers were among the chief proponents of abstinence from alcohol, and feeding silage (fermented corn) to cows represented a contradiction.
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